requestId:68499ac64604e3.94516803.
What is good concern
——The initiation of Confucian ethics on related ethics
Author: Zhang Rongnan (Teacher of the Department of Philosophy, Huadong Master Fan)
Source: “Philosophy” Issue 5, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 25th 70th 2 Jiawu, Puyue, Jiawu
� The contribution of feminist ethics is that it provides a detailed moral thinking picture for what is good, but its shortcomings are also obvious. First, it ignores the main nature of self-concern by fostering concerns to others; second, it lacks discussions on the normative issues of concerns; again, the form of concerns it envisions is more single, and it ignores other situations that express concerns; finally, it will Bao Haimei care is limited to special concerns, and it ignores the generalized moral values and the ability to develop concerns into a social and political management idea. In this regard, Confucian ethics gave positive suggestions from differences. These two similar ethics can give better answers by borrowing each other’s concerns about what is good.
Keywords:Inclusive network time新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新新� These disputes focus on whether “care” can become a unique foundation for moral theory. Specifically, it includes: is “concern” a relationship or a virtue? If it is a virtue, is it a sexual virtue or a non-sexual virtue? If it is a relationship, how can it deal with our relationship with strangers? Can concerns go beyond the scope of the private sector and influence the public sector? Will advocacy fantasy benefit women from restraint? etc. Feminist politicians have not responded sufficiently to these disputes, and Confucian ethics, as a trait-related ethics, seems to be able to provide some thoughts for responses to these doubts.
I, “Concerning Ethics”
Since the 1980s, Nel Noddings has tried to base on the concept of concernIntegration Constructs a new moral theory. Nodins’s theory says that human relations have an intrinsic position, and using relations as the basis of intrinsicity means that we realize that the basic fact of human existence is the encounter of humans and The emotional response that comes with it is that we can construct the relationship between concerns as the foundation of morality. She believes that in order to be a person of virtue, people must maintain relationships with concerns. She calls this fantasy of self a kind of ethical fantasy. “In order to stay in the relationship and strengthen our fantasy as concerns官网, we hope to be moral. When we try to match the picture and the difference between people’s moral character, it is this ethical fantasy that guides us. ”[1] This kind of ethical fantasy comes from two kinds of emotions, one is a natural relationship and the other is a kind of ethical relationshipbearing women love. Natural concern comes from our natural sympathy for others. This feeling is expressed when we want and hope to take care of the people we care about (such as mothers care for children). Natural concern comes from love feelings, it is a natural reaction and does not require special efforts in ethics. Ethics concern is a “reminder of the previous concern” [2], which is composed of The foundation of moral character: it is precisely because of the perception that “I must” that I maintain the ethical fantasy of “I” as a concerned person. The ethical self comes from the most basic understanding of the relationship: it allows “I” to establish a connection with itself through others. “I must” means that “I” needs to strengthen the ethical self by responding to other people’s needs. Therefore, even if “I” feels difficult to act in relation to the activities of “I”, if “I” wants to be a moral person, “I” must do this; only in this way can Fucking one’s own concern for others. At this time, “I must” expresses a kind of hope and direction, rather than a recognition of abstract moral responsibility. “I must” sometimes face internal resistance. Although we see other people’s needs, Because of the unwillingness to be concerned, we must use our ethical fantasy at this time. Ethical fantasy is a series of memories about concern and being concerned, and the body realizes the good side of the relationship between oneself and others. Although it comes from memory about nature, it needs to be Ask the subject to make the best of his ethics to take on the responsibility of “I must”. After confirming the two sources of concern, Nodins analyzed the concern himself. Many people believe that concern is a virtue, and Nodins regards it as a dynamic relationship between the concerned person and the concerned person. A concern B means that A’s consciousness brings an engrossment and motor shift (motivationa)l displacement) characteristics, and B can identify A’s concern for him/her. She pointed out: “The main meaning of concern is its correlation. The most basic manifestation of this concern is the connection or suffering between the concerned and the person being concerned… To make the relationship between the two people a correct relationship, both parties need to make a positive response. Whether it is the concern or the person being concerned, any If one party has a problem, the relationship will be damaged. Even if the two parties still have some kind of contact or sexual relationship, it can no longer be a relationship.”[3] This kind of relationship emphasizes the directness of moral contact, meets the main nature of the needs of the cared person, and is able to be appropriately rational about the conduct of the relationship. It means that in the process of concern, when facing the caretaker, the caretaker undergoes an automatic shift, that is, when a person becomes motivated to scramble for their benefits and goals by paying special attention to that person, it seems that other people’s goals and needs become their own goals and needs in the interaction process. She particularly emphasized that the relationship between concern is not the relationship between one party and the other party receives it, but both parties have expenses and gains. Although those who are concerned are in a weak position and need to be helped, those who are concerned also need to be determined and encouraged, and those who are concerned are responsible for providing feedback to those who are concerned. Since both parties can experience the wonderful relationship between people in the relationship, the relationship is a mutually beneficial relationship.
In Nodins’s view, concern is a burdened state of mind, an anxiety, concern or concern about people or something. [4] If “I” cares about you, then “I” will care about what you think and want. To be concerned means that there is an engine to protect, maintain or protect the well-being of people or something. Therefore, true concern is not about abstract ideas or infernal reasons, but about the full attention and motor displacement of specific others. In the full mind, the scrutinizer does not judge or evaluate the scrutinizer, but allows himself to be changed, just as the scrutinizer takes the scrutinizer’s goal and helps it achieve its goal. The persuasive person of Nodins called fantasy is not a performer of abstract principles, but an actor with a sense of rationality, receptivity and responsiveness in a specific situation. This philosophical fantasy certainly has its advantages, but it also has its limitations. As Nodins himself admits, this highly sought-after illusion prevents us from caring about everyone and keeping us in touch with many people.
2, criticism about related ethics
Nordins developed related ethics has attracted the interest and attention of many students, and at the same time it has also brought a lot of doubts.
First, the disputes from within the female doctrine are how to deal with the relationship between concern and female restraint. The supporter believes that concern represents a major dimension of morality, which gives value to the caregiver’s experience, and theseThe subject is often female. Because women’s origin in society, the value of concern is lowered, and its needs are explored and developed from the beginning. Critics doubt the quality of the qualities that can be played in women’s scrupulous movements. They believe that the relevance of women’s eyes shows sexual dissatisfaction and pressured sexual structures. Strengthening the influence of concern will allow women to continue to be trapped in this pressured sexual structure, especially in family careers and cannot participate in public careers. As the feminist Joan Toronto pointed out, in Eastern history, concern is always related to the structure of power and dissatisfaction. Responsible tasks are importantly undertaken by slaves, servants and women, and they play a role in maintaining their rights in the form of consciousness. [5] Because of the scrutiny of ethics, concern begins with willingness to separate one’s goals, ambitions, career plans and concern points in order to recognize and focus others, critics worry that this ethics fantasy do
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